Saturday, February 8, 2020

What is Android?

Android is a Linux-based operating system designed for touch screen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was originally developed by Android, Inc., with financial support from Google, which later bought it in 2005. The operating system was officially released in 2007, in conjunction with the establishment of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunications that aim to advance the open standards of cellular devices. The first Android phone went on sale in October 2008.


Android display for Espier Launcher

Android user interface is generally in the form of direct manipulation, using touch gestures similar to real actions, such as sliding, tapping and pinching to manipulate objects on the screen, as well as virtual keyboards for writing text. In addition to touch screen devices, Google has also developed Android TV for television, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for watches. Each has a different user interface. The Android variant is also used on portable computers, game consoles, digital cameras, and other electronic equipment.

Various Android Products from Google

Read: https://knowledgefrans.blogspot.com/2020/02/why-choose-android.html?m=1



Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Material Sources of International Law

Sources of international law can be defined as the actual ingredients from which a legal expert determines the rule of law that applies to certain circumstances. These materials are included in five main categories or forms, namely:
1. Habits
2. Treaties
3. Court decisions or arbitration tribunals
4. Legal works
5. Decisions or determinations of organs of international institutions.

From a practical point of view, we can imagine a legal advisor at a Ministry of Foreign Affairs who is asked to provide opinions on international law relating to certain issues. His job was not at all like the work of a practicing lawyer who only had to do with national law. He does not have a Code, there is no statutory statute, and often he is in an uncertain environment either because of uncertainty about whether there has been a customary rule of international law or because of the absence of customs or practices and opinions that guide him to find the right way out. However, he must explore the law between these material "sources", assisted by his own logic and reasoning ability and sense of justice.
It can be seen that this practical approach has been taken by the courts which have decided on international legal issues. According to Article 38 (1) of the Court Statute, the International Court of Justice is ordered to apply the following sources:
1. International treaties
2. International customs, as evidenced by common practice, have been accepted as law
3. General principles of law recognized by civilized nations
4. Judicial decisions and the teachings of prominent scholars from various countries as an additional source for establishing rules of law.

The order of material in the articles of the Statute does not cover decisions of arbitral tribunals concerning legal matters, or decisions or stipulations of organs of international institutions, even though the article includes one material "general principles of law recognized by civilized nations ". These general principles of law were incorporated into the Court Statute to provide an additional basis for decisions in the event that other materials cannot help the Court. These "general principles" must be used in analogy and can be drawn by selecting concepts recognized by all national legal systems. That is the original purpose of the compilers of the Statute, which was emphasized in the context of Article 9, according to which the elected judges must remember that the Court must represent "the main forms of civilization and the main legal systems in the world", and the efforts made by several authors to give another interpretation of these words seems artificial and inconclusive. The legal propositions quoted and widely popularized do not in themselves constitute "general principles" in this sense. The revised edition of the American Law Institute's Restament of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States (1986) classifies "general principles" as an "additional source of international law".
On several occasions the Permanent Court of International Justice considers it necessary to apply or refer to such "general principles". Therefore in the Chrozow Factory (Indemnity) Case, the Permanent Court of International Justice applies the principle of res judicata and refers to the "general conception of law", that "every violation of an agreement issues an obligation to compensate". In the Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions Case. The Court referred to "general principles of subrogation", and in Case of the Diversion of Water from the Meuse, Judge Manly O. Hudson expressly argued that the Court could apply the Anglo-American doctrine of merit as "general principles". But at least on one occasion, the Court refused to apply what was considered "general principles" namely in the Serbian Loans Case where the Court stated that the principle known in English law as "estoppel" (detention of someone to prevent it from denying the previous statement) cannot be applied. On the other hand, the doctrine of civil law regarding trust is considered beneficial in relation to issues concerning the Mandate system and the Trusteeship system. "General principles" include procedures and principles of clarity (evidentiary), as well as the principles of substantive law, provided that these principles have some general characteristics in the context of certain legal systems that are generally owned. However, these "general principles" constitute a weak "source" of international law compared to a matter of judicial reasoning and logic which today is specifically prohibited from being used by the most influential international courts.
From a theoretical point of view, the provisions for applying "general principles" have been echoed as "sounding the death knell" for positivism, because they explicitly reject the positivist's broad view that the habits and treaties must be viewed as sources exclusive of international law. The provision was also stated to solve the problem of non-liquet, namely the inability of an international court to decide a case legally because it could not find a rule of law that could be applied. Finally, this provision is almost regarded as a provision that does not stipulate a new rule, except as something that is stated in nature regarding the practice of international courts that have lasted a long time.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

SMART IN PAYS


Smart In Pays:
- CLEAR PERMISSIONS. Our company is in the form of PT (PT. Integritas Perkasa), complete with its SIUP and SIUP-L.
- Competitive prices.
- Professional application server and system, capable of conducting transactions 24 hours a day and also 24 hours customer service.
- Very user friendly application, it doesn't take long to learn. Already available on the Android Play Store and on the Apple Store.
- CLEAR ORDER REPEAT! Because our products are everyday products, the key to a successful business is REPEAT ORDER.
- BONUS and REWARD are easily accessible, from free holidays to Ferrari and luxury homes.
- and STILL many other breakthroughs in the SMART in Pays business.

SAP: https://photos.app.goo.gl/qpCu6uK3LLKPWqiu7

Catatan tambahan:
By : Mba Nana
( NAJWA SHIHAB )

Adik-adik remaja sekalian, jika kalian masih bercita-cita jadi PNS, biar besok2 hidup terjamin sampai tua, maka itu cita-cita generasi luama sekali, orang tua kita dulu, SMA angkatan 70-80 mungkin masih begitu.

Jika kalian bercita-cita jadi karyawan BUMN, biar gaji bagus, pensiun ada, besar pula, maka itu juga generasi lama, paman-paman, tante-tante kita dulu, SMA angkatan 90-an, itu cita-citanya.

Jika kalian bercita-cita jadi karyawan multi nasional company, perusahaan swasta besar, biar bisa tugas di luar negeri, tunjangan dollar, itu juga cita-cita kakak-kakak kita dulu, yang SMA angkatan 2000-an.

Kalian adalah generasi berbeda..Kalian adalah yang SMP, SMA, atau kuliah di tahun 2010 ke atas. Seharusnya kalian tidak bercita-cita seperti itu lagi. Kalian adalah warga negara dunia, tersambung dengan seluruh sudut dunia.

Apa cita-cita kalian?

Jadilah pekerja kreatif, wiraswasta, profesi pekerjaan bebas, dan pekerjaan2 yang menakjubkan lainnya. Kalian menonton film seperti Iron Man, Avengers, Minion, maka besok2 giliran film kalian yang ditonton orang.

Kalian jadi konsumen Burger King, KFC, dll, maka besok-besok giliran orang lain yang jadi konsumen franchise milik kalian. Hari ini kalian memakai baju, pakaian buatan orang lain, besok-besok giliran orang lain yang pakai baju kalian.

Hari ini kalian berobat ke rumah sakit, besok2 giliran orang yang berobat di klinik dengan sistem dan cara berbeda milik kalian.

Itulah dunia kalian..Masa depan..
Jangan mau hanya jadi pengikut, follower, tapi berdiri di depan, giliran orang lain yang mengikuti dan mendengarkan trend yg kita buat. Maka bila saat itu tiba, kita bisa benar2-benar bilang : Merdeka!!

Ayolah, lupakan sejenak bekerja jadi PNS, karyawan BUMN, atau karyawan swasta, masuk pagi, pulang malam. 30-40 tahun bekerja, pensiun. Itu sudah terlalu banyak orang yang melakukannya, masa’ kita akan ikut jalan serupa, saatnya kalian memulai jalan berbeda.

Jangan takut dengan kegagalan, jangan takut dengan tidak punya pekerjaan, menganggur, dll, dll. Sepanjang kita memang sungguh2, tahan banting, kita bisa menjadi yang terbaik di bidang yang kita geluti.

Setinggi apapun jabatan kalian, jika masih PNS, karyawan BUMN, karyawan swasta, maka sejatinya tetap saja suruhan orang lain. Punya atasan, dan hidup kita laksana siklus dari bulan ke bulan, gajian ke gajian.

Asyik duduk di belakang meja, lamat-lamat menatap media sosial, komen ini, komen itu, dan sebagainya, dan sebagainya. Tapi tetap saja begitu-begitu saja hidup kita.

Tidak, adik-adik sekalian, hidup kalian bisa lebih berwarna. Kalian bisa jadi apa saja.

Jangan buat sempit cita-cita, mimpi-mimpi kalian. Generasi kalian seharusnya tidak terikat waktu, tidak korupsi waktu, sebaliknya, kalian bebas dan fleksibel menentukan jam kerja sendiri.

Yakinlah, besok lusa, karya kalian akan menaklukkan kota-kota jauh, bahkan negara-negara jauh. Besok lusa, profesi kalian akan memiliki reputasi hingga pulau-pulau seberang, benua-benua luar.

Kalian bukan lagi generasi yang bahkan naik pesawat saja mahal dan susah. Atau mau berkirim kabar harus memakai telegram dan pager. Sambutlah masa depan kalian yang gemilang.

Jadilah pekerja kreatif, wiraswasta, profesi2 penuh passion dan suka-cita. Itulah panggilan generasi kalian. Dan saat kalian bisa menggapainya, kalian bisa berteriak sekencang mungkin: Merdeka! Karena hidup kalian sungguh sudah merdeka.

Mulailah dari sekarang, remaja. Cari hobi dan aktivitas bermanfaat. Tekuni. Besok-besok kalian menjadi master di bidang tersebut.

Maka kita tidak lagi bicara tentang besok pagi2 berangkat kerja, sore2 pulang nanti macet, aduh, besok sudah Senin lagi, melainkan bicara: besok saya akan menginspirasi siapa, nanti sore saya akan mengubah apa, dan besok Senin saya akan meluncurkan karya apa lagi..
---------------------

*"Bukan keadaan yg membuat kita berhasil, tetapi langkah dan sikap yang tepat membuat kita berhasil"*

MY PHOTOS

🎓 Education
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🎓 S.IP (https://photos.app.goo.gl/iVqYG2EkFqa5po8K8)

📷 My Photos (https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=1OdK58JyEd82uDXLvM0VJezOJ0OE4r8XM)

Duta Kampus Unisri 2016 (https://photos.app.goo.gl/7disALpPKhNQuBJQ6)

⚫ The world of teaching (https://photos.app.goo.gl/xzH1uvfTFvodiEzf9)

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Ebook, Video, Audio (Versi Bahasa Indonesia)

✔ SOSPOL (KINI GRATIS)
🔗Seharah Yerusalem (https://photos.app.goo.gl/oEgMACsoJBi1Z4nC6)

📚 KALKULUS  (GRATIS)
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🔬FISIKA (GRATIS)
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IT 
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POLYGLOT
●English
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Thursday, January 16, 2020

Bertumbuh ke Segala Arah dan Menjadi Dewasa

Bertumbuh ke bawah: Iman
Bertumbuh keAtas: Ibadah, penyembahan, pujian
Bertumbuh ke Dalam: Firman Tuhan
Bertumbuh ke Samping Kanan: Relasi karakter membangun.
Bertumbuh ke Samping Kiri: Berdamai dengan siapapun
Bertumbuh ke Belakang: Tinggalkan dosa
Bertumbuh ke Depan: Menangkan Jiwa

Monday, April 1, 2019

Silsilah Bahasa Mandarin


Terdapat 56 etnis di China. Hampir 92 persen dari total populasi merupakan etnis Han, dan sisanya merupakan non-Han. Jumlah penutur bahasa Han-Hanyu meliputi 95 persen dari seluruh penduduk China, sedangkan sisanya merupakan penutur bahasa suku minoritas. Bahasa Mandarin merupakan bagian dari rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet.

Ketika Republik China (sekarang Taiwan) berdiri pada tahun 1911, pemerintah meresmikan bahasa Mandarin dengan dialek Beijing sebagai bahasa nasional, dengan menggunakan lafal dialek China Utara, Beijing Hua sebagai lafal baku. Sehingga dalam arti luas bahasa Mandarin berarti Běifānghuà, arti harafiah: "bahasa percakapan utara". Daerah pemakaian bahasa utara paling luas apabila dibandingkan dengan bahasa lain.

Bahasa Min disebut juga sebagai bahasa Hokkian atau Hokkien, merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah di China. Pemakaiannya di Propinsi Fujian Selatan, daerah Chaozhou-Shantou di Propinsi Guangdong, bagian paling selatan di Propinsi Zhejiang, Hainan, dan Taiwan. Bahasa Hokkian juga digunakan sebagai bahasa sehari-hari di Taiwan selain Bahasa Mandarin. Di Taiwan, Bahasa Hokkian disebut dengan Bahasa Taiyu.

Kata-kata yang banyak dikenal di Indonesia misalnya adalah: siomay, angpau, gopek, gocap, bakpao, kwetiau, hongsui, dan kamsia merupakan kata dari Bahasa Hokkian. Sebutan "Tiongkok" dan "Tionghoa" juga dipengaruhi oleh Bahasa Hokkian. Tiongkok berasal dari kata Zhongguo dan Tionghoa berasal dari kata Zhonghua.

Orang China disebut Zhongguoren, sedangkan Bahasa China atau Mandarin disebut Zhongwen. Bahasa Hokkian terbesar pengaruhnya di Indonesia karena mayoritas warga China pendatang di Indonesia berasal dari Fujian. Nama dan marga orang China di Indonesia juga masih banyak yang menggunakan Bahasa Hokkian. Oleh karena itu sebutan Tiongkok atau Tionghoa hanya populer dan dikenal di Indonesia.

Berikut adalah beberapa bahasa daerah lain yang digunakan di China.
● Bahasa Gàn, digunakan di Jiangxi, sekitar Danau Boyang, selatan Anhui, dan tenggara Hubei.
● Bahasa Kèjiā atau Bahasa Hakka, digunakan di tengah Propinsi Guangdong, barat Fujian, dan selatan Jiangxi.

Bahasa Wú, digunakan di selatan Jiangxu (termasuk Shanghai), tenggara Anhui dan sebagian daerah Zheijiang (termasuk Suzhou dan Wenzhou).

● Bahasa Xiāng, digunakan di sebagian daerah Hunan.
● Bahasa Yuè atau Bahasa Kanton, digunakan di tenggara Guanxi dang sebagian Guangdong.


ENGLISH PHRASES

YOUTUBE   ENGLISH PHRASES  no one said it was to be going easy.  tidak ada yang mengatakan itu akan berjalan mudah.  that wasn't the re...